In this issue a number of papers with authors from the region, Australia, Turkey and Lebanon are included.

Alanazi, T.N.M et al., aimed to translate the Ragins' Relational Mentoring Index (RMI) into Saudi Arabic language and to evaluate the psychometric properties, validity and reliability of the RMI - Saudi Arabic version (RMI-S). The authors stressed that mentorship is important in creating a positive learning environment conducive in transitioning from newly graduated nurse roles to professional nurse roles in Saudi Arabia. To have a valid and reliable instrument to measure Saudi nursing interns' perceptions of mentoring relationships during their clinical internship program, the RMI was translated to Saudi Arabic language. The authors used a descriptive design. A convenience sample of 279 nursing interns were recruited to participate in the study from three tertiary training hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The RMI was translated into Saudi Arabic language, validated, factor analyzed, and tested for reliability. The findings confirmed the content validity index of the RMI-S with the Scale-level Index and Item-level Index of 1. The factor analysis yielded three subscales, namely, inspiration and affirmation with a=.95, trust and commitment with a=.94, reliance on communal norms with a=.94, and overall with a=.97. The authors concluded that the RMI-S is a valid and reliable instrument that can be utilized as appropriate tool to evaluate high-quality mentoring relationships which can be used by Arabic speaking researchers and participants. They stressed that during clinical internship training, high-quality mentoring may be a relational source that safeguards mentees from challenges during transition from graduate nurse roles to professional nurse roles, and a valid and reliable instrument can help to evaluate it.

Alqarni, M.S., reviewed catheter associated urinary tract infection in ICU patient. He stressed that Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAI) in Australia, with nearly 200,000 reported incidents every year. According to Gardner, Mitchell, Beckingham, and Fasugba (2014), 15%-25% of patients admitted to a hospital are catheterised. A report from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 showed that patients who were catheterised had a 5% greater chance of acquiring a urinary tract infection (UTI) for every day they are catheterised. In one month, the chances of acquiring the infection increase to 100%. Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are regularly used in different wards or units in various hospital settings worldwide, but researchers have shown that the use of IUCs is more widespread in intensive care units (ICUs). He concluded that Catheter placement is a multidisciplinary decision and not the sole responsibility of nurses. Although the placement of an IUC is inevitable in many cases in ICU patients, it is entirely feasible to decrease CAUTIs through collaborative interventions. The best guideline that the healthcareprofessional can use in the prevention of CAUTIs is to limit the use of a urinary catheter and use only where there is a clear indication for use. Also, getting the catheter removed as soon as it is not required is just as necessary. Following the hospital guidelines and practising a proactive attitude and evidenced-based care promise a positive health outcome for any patient. Finally, utilising a quality improvement tool like PDSA will impact on the sustainability of theimprovement plan. Nonetheless, the limitation of this project is unable to evaluate potentialconfounding risk factors for CAUTI, including antibiotic exposure, because our data were primarily collected for surveillance purposes. Also, a small sample size and a pre-and-after design, susceptible to unmeasured confounding variables.

Dr Elghblawi, E., looked at hormone blockage and gender reassignment. She wonder what world are we living in and how can we play with our own biological and genetic make ups How can a child decide to block his/ her hormones, to assign the gender they wants to be, when they are still young, immature and probably still cannot decide or be certain, of their future ahead? She added that it was an unlawful action that left her demoralised, with low moods and suicidal ideations. She affirmed that the conducting doctor had rushed her and did not carry out a proper investigation to assess if her mental health was deranged or sound at the time, when she was diagnosed with gender dysphoria and wanted a gender reassignment. She stressed that, your body is your property and it should not be handled or messed up or extremely mutilated in such a way. It is your identity, your path and should be respected and reserved carefully unless it is a pathological issue not under your control and incurred like in certain well-known diseases. Most who have had this lengthy journey have apparently regretted and considered it a confused act in their darkest moment.

Helvaci M.R., et al., discussed two issue in two papers related to body mass index. In the first paper the authors tried to understand possible effects of sickle cell diseases (SCD) on metabolic parameters including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in the body. They studied 363 patients with the SCD (194 males) and 255 control cases (136 males), totally. They concluded that BMI may be the major determining factor of systolic and diastolic BP in human body. In the second paper understand possible effects of sickle cell diseases (SCD) on metabolic parameters including cholesterol values in the plasma. They studied 363 patients with the SCD (194 males) and 255 control cases (136 males), totally. significantly. They concluded that the BMI may be the major determining factor of TC, LDL, and HDL values in the plasma.

Abdulrazak Abyad
Chief Editor