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March
2024
- Volume 18, Issue
Antibiotic-Resistant
Bacteria in Intensive Care Units in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
A Systematic Review
Abdualrahman S.
Alshehry
Medical-Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Saud
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence:
Abdualrahman S. Alshehry
Medical-Surgical Department, College of Nursing,
King Saud University, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
Email: aalshehry12345@gmail.com;
abdalshehri@ksu.edu.sa
Received: January 2024; Accepted: February 2024; Published:
March 2024
Citation: Abdualrahman S. Alshehry. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
in Intensive Care Units in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A
Systematic Review. Middle East Journal of Nursing 2024; 18(1):
52-61 DOI: 10.5742/MEJN2023.9378046
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ABSTRACT
Background:
The emergence of bacterial pathogens and their associated
resistance to antibiotic therapy is one of the most serious
public health concerns threatening today’s society, including
Saudi Arabia’s intensive care units (ICUs).
Aim: This study used a systematic
review to explore the antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the
intensive care units (ICUs) in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: The review adhered
to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and
meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. The search
was limited to studies published within 13 years between 2010
and 2023 through CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Science
Direct, and Google Scholar.
Results: Fifteen studies were
reviewed: 12 were retrospective, 1 was comparative historical,
1 was descriptive epidemiologic and 1 was a surveillance study.
Most frequently isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria were
Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter
baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter. These pathogens
were found resistant to various antibiotics including methicillin,
tazobactam, cilastatin, meropenem, tigecycline, imipenem,
meropenem, piperacillin, colistin, penicillin, ampicillin,
oxacillin, vancomycin, carbapenems, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone,
amikacin, gentamicin, clindamycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin,
nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam,
and cefotaxime.
Conclusion: To eradicate future
infection outbreaks of K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii,
and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens in Saudi Arabia’s
ICUs, comprehensive surveillance programs, strict infection
control and prevention guidelines, and stringent implementation
of proactive antimicrobial stewardship program are warranted.
Keywords: antibiotic; antibiotic-resistant
bacteria; intensive care unit; Saudi Arabia
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