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April
2021
- Volume 15, Issue 2
Worse
prognosis of sickle cell diseases in males even in the absence
of smoking and alcohol
Mehmet Rami Helvaci (1)
Mustafa Yaprak (1)
Ramazan Davran (2)
Zeki Arslanoglu (3)
Abdulrazak Abyad (4)
Lesley Pocock (5)
(1) Specialist of Internal Medicine,
MD
(2) Specialist of Radiology, MD
(3) Specialist of Dentistry, Ph
(4) Middle-East Academy for Medicine of Aging, MD
(5) medi-WORLD International
Corresponding author:
Prof Dr Mehmet Rami Helvaci,
07400, ALANYA, TurkeyPhone: 00-90-506-4708759
Email: mramihelvaci@hotmail.com
Received: February 2021; Accepted:
March 2021; Published: April, 2021
Citation: Helvaci MR et al. Worse prognosis of sickle cell
diseases in males even in the absence of smoking and alcohol.
Middle East Journal of Nursing 2021; 15(2): 1 3-20.DOI: 10.5742/MEJN2021.937805
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ABSTRACT
Background:
We tried to understand the prognosis of sickle cell diseases
(SCD) in both genders.
Methods: All cases with the
SCD in the absence of smoking and alcohol were included.
Results: The study included
368 patients (168 males and 200 females). Mean age (29.4 versus
30.2 years), associated thalassemia minors (72.0% versus 69.0%),
and body mass index (BMI) (21.7 versus 21.6 kg/m2) were similar
in males and females, respectively (p>0.05 for all). Whereas
total bilirubin value of the plasma (5.2 versus 4.0 mg/dL,
p=0.011), transfused units of red blood cells (RBC) in their
lives (46.8 versus 29.2, p=0.002), disseminated teeth losses
(4.7% versus 1.0%, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) (20.8% versus 6.0%, p<0.001), ileus (5.3%
versus 2.0%, p<0.01), cirrhosis (5.9% versus 1.5%, p<0.001),
leg ulcers (16.0% versus 7.5%, p<0.001), digital clubbing
(13.0% versus 5.5%, p<0.001), and chronic renal disease
(CRD) (10.7% versus 6.5%, p<0.05) were all higher in males,
significantly.
Conclusion: SCD are severe
inflammatory processes on vascular endothelium, particularly
at the capillary level since the capillary system is the main
distributor of the hardened RBC into tissues. Although the
similar mean age, associated thalassemia minors, and BMI and
absence of smoking and alcohol, the higher total bilirubin
value of the plasma, transfused units of RBC in their lives,
disseminated teeth losses, COPD, ileus, cirrhosis, leg ulcers,
digital clubbing, and CRD in males may be explained by the
dominant role of male sex in life according to the physical
power that may accelerate systemic atherosclerotic process
all over the body.
Key words: Sickle cell diseases,
male sex, chronic endothelial damage, atherosclerosis, metabolic
syndrome, early aging, premature death
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